Concepts, Principles, and Application of Biodynamic Farming: a Review

نویسندگان

چکیده

Biodynamic farming is an old but new alternative agriculture for sustainable development. However, it not well understood and practiced. It similar to organic incorporates metaphysical ideas in treating soil crop growth. The objective of this paper review give brief highlights about the concepts, principles, applications biodynamic farming. To farming, different literatures, research works, practical works have been reviewed. Different search engines were used documents using keywords like agriculture, development, ecology, quality, health. regarded as “above beyond organic.” was first systematic method rise high-input industrial agriculture. concern practice more than 5500 farmers globally, has a very good preference among consumers product. number countries with Demeter-International certified activity increased from 42 55 Germany having largest (1552) farms. Some principles are restoring through incorporation matter; living system; creating system that brings all factors maintain life into balance; encouraging use significance green manure, rotation, cover crops; manure compost way. just set techniques; also conceptual philosophy applies farm’s general structure. foundation biodynamics construction farm functions holistically unbroken organism. Scientifically proofed, its own contribution sustainability via effect on quality improvement quantity nutritional produce pest management. Hence, promising road tomorrow’s integrated

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Circular Economy and Sustainability

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2730-597X', '2730-5988']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-022-00184-8